Glossary Details List
※Quoted in part from the glossary on the website of the Association of Liquid Filtration and Purification Industry (LFPI).
http://www.lfpi.org
Problems in Usage
Swelling
A condition where materials (filter media) expand due to the absorption of solvents or other fluids.
Microbubbles
Fine air bubbles.
If mixed in the filtrate, microbubbles can cause filtration failures such air locks and painting defects.
Material Fall-Off
A condition where high pressure and material deterioration cause the filter materials themselves to be mixed into the liquid after filtration.
In general resin filters, fibers are entangled with each other, but the nodes are not fused. This makes it easy for material fall-off to occur.
JNC Filter’s products use materials with firmly heat-welded nodes to achieve low fall-off.
Joint Separation
A condition where high pressure and material deterioration cause the pore diameters of filters to expand and the filtration accuracy to decrease.
JNC Filter’s products fibers use bicomponent fibers with firmly heat-welded nodes to prevent joint separation.
Compaction
A phenomenon where filters compress and deform due to the pressure when liquid passes through.
Performance
FDA
The Food and Drug Administration of the United States.JNC Filter has obtained CP and BM certification for its products.
LRV
Log10 Reduction Value.
A numerical representation of the sterilization retention efficiency of filters.
We have challenged ourselves to achieve filter performance of 10 to the power of 7 (i.e. 10 million). LRV7 represents such a reduction by preventing bacteria from leaking to the secondary side of the filter.
Pressure Drop
The difference in filter pressure between the primary (inlet) side pressure and the secondary (outlet) side pressure of filters, etc.
The flow resistance.
Synonyms: Differential pressure.
Absolute
See “Absolute Filtration Accuracy.”
Nominal Filtration Accuracy
One type of filter filtration accuracy specified by individual manufacturers in their own tests.
In general, actual filtration results in a removal efficiency of about 50 to 98% of the indicated accuracy.
Synonyms: Nominal (nom. μm).
Differential Pressure
See “Pressure Drop.”
Hydrophilic Treatment
Pretreatment of filter media made of hydrophobic resins such as polyolefin resins and fluorinated resins for use in water and aqueous chemicals.
Uses hydrophilic liquids such as alcohols (IPA and ethanol).
Steam Activation Method
In the activated carbon manufacturing process, the process of making micropores (holes) by causing a reaction between the carbons of raw materials and steam.
Pores (holes) of various sizes can be made by altering the temperature and time.
Hydrophobic
Having water repelling properties.
Water resistance.
Hydrophilic treatment is required when performing water filtration through filters made of highly hydrophobic materials.
Diffusion Test
One type of filter integrity test.
A test to check integrity with the amount of air diffusing wet media.
Non-Oil
When no fiber finishing materials, etc. are used for filter raw materials.
There is the advantage that foaming is less likely to occur at the time of initial flow.
Affected products: BM, CP2, VW, CHW.
Bubble Point Test
A test to measure the maximum filter pore diameter.
Wet a filter with IPA, etc. and measure the differential pressure when liquid is pushed out from the micropores of the filter by pressurizing gas.
Because of capillary action, the larger the pore diameter, the lower the pressure at which liquid is pushed out.
A testing method to check the integrity of filters.
Pressure Hold Test
A test method where a filter is wetted with IPA, etc., the air is pressurized to cut off the gas supply at a specified pressure (generally 80%) below the bubble point, and a pressure gauge is used to measure the primary side pressure that drops within a specified time frame.
As gas diffuses from the primary side in the liquid impregnated in filter media, the primary side pressure decreases.
Also related to the degree of opening of the filter media.
Classification
An operation that efficiently separates out particles larger or smaller than a certain size.
β Value
The removal efficiency of all particles greater than or equal to a certain particle diameter (X μm), as defined by the equation “Number of particles on the inlet side with a particle diameter of X μm or more / Number of particles on the outlet side with a particle diameter of X μm or more.”
Filtration Life
The time until a filter is clogged and the predetermined flow rate is not achieved or the predetermined pressure drop occurs. Alternatively, the volume to be processed (capture amount).
Varies greatly depending on the use conditions.
In general, it is longer if the flow rate is kept low.
The recommended exchange differential pressure is usually about 0.15 to 0.2 MPa.
Surface Filtration Filters
The time until a filter is clogged and the predetermined flow rate is not achieved or the predetermined pressure drop occurs. Alternatively, the volume to be processed (capture amount).
Varies greatly depending on the use conditions.
In general, it is longer if the flow rate is kept low.
The recommended exchange differential pressure is usually about 0.15 to 0.2 MPa.
Depth‐Type Filtration Filters
Filters that capture particles inside.
Cost performance is excellent as the amount of captured particles per filter is greater than that of surface filtration filters.
Affected products: CP, BM, VW, etc.
Synonyms: Depth-type filters.
Vent Filters
Filters installed in the vent of beverage tanks, etc.
Used to remove airborne foreign materials taken into tanks and for sterilization.
Affected products: BT.
Filtration Accuracy
The size of a particle that can be removed by passing it through a filter.
In general usage, you may see expressions such as “nominal filtration accuracy” or “absolute filtration accuracy,” but there is no uniform standard in the industry for either, so the accuracy specified by individual manufacturers in their own tests is used.
Absolute Filtration Accuracy
A type of filter filtration accuracy specified by individual manufacturers in their own tests.
JNC Filter uses the filter filtration accuracy of an initial collection efficiency of 99.9% or more for the indicated particle diameter.
Synonyms: Absolute (abs. μm).
Size Distribution
Distribution of particle size based on diameter, mass, surface area, sedimentation rate, etc.
For example, particle size distribution is considered in terms of particle diameter.
Ultrafiltration
A filtration method that is positioned between nanofiltration and microfiltration. Uses a membrane, usually to filter solute with a molar weight of several thousands to several hundred thousands or fine particles with a molar weight of about several nm to several μm.
A membrane with this separation performance is called a UF membrane.
Housings
Sanitary Housing
A housing that generally makes it easy to assemble, clean, and replace filters.
Primarily suitable for the microfiltration, medical care, and food fields.
Affected products: KF.
SUS304
One of the types of stainless steel that is most widely used as heat-resistant steel.
It has excellent corrosion resistance, toughness, ductibility, workability, and weldability, and is used in a range of applications.
Locator
The part that holds a filter in its proper place inside a housing.
The part of the DOE housing that closes one side.
The seal plate.
Center Post
The support rod for installing a filter in a housing.
Locks the locator and prevents filter deformation.
Pedestal
A part for installing a filter in a housing.
Used in pairs with a locator.
The seal parts.
The housing base.
Filter Shape
CLEAL
A registered trademark for filters made by JNC Filter.
DOE (Double Open End)
See “Gasket Type.”
SOE (Single Open End)
A type where one edge face of a filter is closed with an end cap.
Synonyms: End cap type, O-ring type.
Adapter
The connection between the filter and the housing. One type of end shape for filters.
Synonyms: Plug-in type, threaded type.
End Cap Type, O-Ring Type
Gasket Type
A filter shaped to prevent fluid leakage with a thin, plate-like packing.
The flat packing attached to the edge face is sealed with a housing locator.
It is recommended to have a spring locator housing to follow the swelling and contraction of the filter and the thermal expansion of the housing.
Synonyms: DOE (Double Open End).
End Shape
One shape for a filter edge.
Includes DOE (Double Open End) and SOE (Single Open End). The SOE type has an O-ring on the open end cap.
Cartridge Filters
A type of filter that is attached to a housing (filter vessel) and used to pump liquid or gas.
The name refers to how elements can be easily removed from the housing and replaced.
Density Gradient
The difference in size between the pores inside and outside of a filter.
The density gradient enables efficient collection of large particles on the outside and small particles on the inside of a filter, leading to a longer filtration life.
The difference in the amount of filter medium fibers.
The change in pore diameter.
The fiber diameter curve.
Affected products: BM.
Depth-Type Filters
See “Depth‐Type Filtration Filters.”
End Cap
One type of filter end shape.
A general term for a sealing member mounted on a filter edge face.
An O-ring adapter.
Also includes a gasket (flat packing) type.
Synonyms: Single open end.
ES fiber
A polyolefin bicomponent fiber developed by JNC Corporation, the parent company of JNC Filter Co., Ltd.
Because each node between fibers is firmly thermally bonded, filters using ES fibers as a filter medium have excellent characteristics such as enhanced life, high flow rate, high pressure resistance, high filtration accuracy, high recovery rate, and low filter medium desorption.
Affected products: CP, GF.
Melt-Blown Type
A filter that uses as a filter medium a non-woven cloth, which is produced directly in the filter manufacturing process by inputting raw resin, without going through the process of raw cotton.
The adjustable fiber diameter means that various filtration accuracies can be realized.
Due to the oil-free production, it is distinctive for less foaming during the initial water flow.
Affected products: BM, CP2.
Core
The support at the center of a cylindrical filter.
Support Material
The spacer used to prevent folding damage or contact between pleats, such as when filter media (media layers) are thin.
Used for pleat filters, etc.
Polyolefin
A general term for polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), etc.
Excellent durability against acids and alkalis.
A temperature of 80°C or lower is recommended for continuous use in water systems.
Applications
Prefilter
A filter used in a previous process to extend the filtration life of a filter that is prone to clogging.
In general, depth-type filters are used.
Final Filter
A filter used in a post-prefilter process to ensure the final quality of various fluids.
In general, surface-type filters are used.
Check Filter
A filter for the fields of food, medical care, pharmaceutical, and semiconductor manufacturing. Installed in consideration of the risk of contamination by microorganisms, even if a fluid is clear.
In general, a surface-type filter is used in a later process of the final filter.